Engineering Guides
Practical explanations of core electrical engineering concepts. Each guide links to the relevant calculator so you can apply the formulas directly.
What Is Battery C-Rate?
Understand how C-rate governs charge and discharge current limits, and why it matters for cell longevity.
How to Calculate Battery Runtime
Step-by-step method for estimating discharge duration from capacity, load, and efficiency.
How to Size a Battery Bank
Determine pack capacity from daily energy consumption, autonomy requirements, and temperature derating.
Voltage Drop Explained
Why cable resistance causes voltage loss, how to calculate it, and how to select the right wire gauge.
Understanding State of Charge (SOC)
What SOC means, how it is measured, and why maintaining the right charge level extends battery life.
Battery Degradation Explained
How capacity fade and impedance rise reduce battery performance over time, and what you can do about it.
How to Size a Solar Battery Bank
Size your solar battery bank from daily energy consumption, autonomy days, and depth of discharge.
Home Battery Backup Planning Guide
Plan home backup power by identifying critical loads, choosing duration, and sizing your battery bank.
RV Battery Sizing Guide
Size your RV battery bank for boondocking by cataloging loads, choosing voltage, and selecting chemistry.
Marine Battery Sizing Guide
Size marine house banks for hotel loads, account for the marine environment, and choose the right chemistry.
Battery Pack Design Basics
Understand series and parallel cell configurations, pack sizing, and key design considerations.
BESS ROI Explained
Evaluate commercial battery storage investments with NPV, payback period, and IRR analysis.
How Long Will a Battery Last?
Calculate battery runtime from capacity, load, efficiency, and depth of discharge with worked examples.
How Long to Charge a Battery
Estimate charging time using C-rate, charger current, and the CC-CV charging profile.
How Long Will a 200Ah Battery Last?
Runtime examples for 200Ah batteries powering RV, marine, solar, and home backup loads.
How Long Will My Solar Battery Last?
Estimate solar battery runtime at night and during cloudy periods for off-grid and hybrid systems.
How to Calculate Runtime of a Battery
Complete engineering method for calculating battery runtime with accuracy.
How Long Will a 100Ah Battery Last?
Detailed runtime examples for 100Ah batteries at 12V, 24V, and 48V across common loads.
How Long Will a 300Ah Battery Last?
Runtime examples for 300Ah batteries in home backup, RV, and off-grid solar applications.
LiFePO4 Battery Runtime Guide
Deep dive into LiFePO4 runtime characteristics, discharge curves, and temperature effects.
Lithium Battery Runtime Guide
Lithium battery runtime characteristics across LFP, NMC, and NCA chemistries.
UPS Battery Runtime Guide
How to estimate and extend UPS battery runtime for computers, servers, and critical equipment.
Inverter Battery Runtime Guide
How inverter efficiency affects battery runtime with practical calculations for AC loads.
Battery Runtime Formula
Complete formula reference for all battery runtime calculations including temperature and efficiency.
12V vs 24V vs 48V Runtime
How system voltage affects runtime, efficiency, and cable sizing for battery systems.
What Is Battery Sizing?
Introduction to battery sizing: what it means, why it matters, and the engineering process.
Battery Sizing Formula
Complete formula reference for battery sizing across all applications and chemistries.
Battery Sizing Chart Guide
Visual reference charts showing battery sizes for common load profiles and applications.
UPS Battery Sizing Guide
How to size UPS batteries for computers, servers, medical equipment, and critical loads.
Home Battery Sizing Guide
How to size a battery for home backup: critical loads, duration, and voltage selection.
How Many Batteries for Solar?
How to determine the number of batteries needed for a solar energy storage system.
How Much Battery Storage Do I Need?
Calculate total battery storage from daily consumption and autonomy requirements.
Solar Battery Backup Guide
How solar batteries provide backup during grid outages in hybrid and off-grid systems.
Off-Grid Battery Planning
Complete guide to planning battery systems for off-grid solar installations.
Solar Storage Sizing Guide
End-to-end guide to sizing solar storage from consumption analysis to battery selection.
How Many kWh Do I Need for My House?
Calculate household kWh needs for battery backup with consumption tables by home size.
Power Outage Battery Guide
How to prepare a battery system for power outages with critical load planning.
Whole House Battery Backup
Sizing a battery system to back up an entire house during extended outages.
Generator vs Battery Backup
Comparison of generators and batteries for backup power: costs, runtime, and hybrid approaches.
Home Backup Runtime Guide
How long different battery sizes last for home backup at various load levels.
Camper Battery Runtime Guide
Battery runtime for camper vans with common load tables and weekend trip examples.
Van Life Battery Planning
Complete battery planning guide for van life: loads, consumption, solar, and sizing.
How Many Batteries for RV?
How to determine the number of batteries for weekend camping vs full-time RV living.
RV Lithium Battery Guide
Why lithium LFP is the best battery chemistry for RV applications with cost analysis.
Boat Battery Runtime Guide
Battery runtime for boats: trolling motors, fish finders, navigation, and marine loads.
Yacht Battery Planning
Complete battery planning for yachts: hotel loads, anchoring vs cruising, and sizing.
Marine Hotel Load Guide
How to inventory and calculate marine hotel loads for battery system sizing.
Lithium Marine Batteries
Why lithium LFP is replacing lead-acid in marine applications with comparison data.
How Long to Charge a Lithium Battery
Charging times for LFP and NMC lithium batteries at different C-rates and charger sizes.
How Long to Charge a 100Ah Battery
Specific charging times for 100Ah batteries at 0.1C, 0.2C, 0.5C, and 1C rates.
Battery Charging Formula
Complete formula reference for battery charging calculations: CC phase, CV phase, and total time.
Charger Sizing Guide
How to select the right charger size for your battery based on chemistry and desired charge time.
Series vs Parallel Batteries
Series vs parallel connections: how each affects voltage, capacity, and pack configuration.
Battery Voltage Systems
Common battery voltage systems: 12V, 24V, 36V, 48V and how they are built from cells.
How to Build a Battery Pack
Step-by-step guide to building a battery pack from individual cells with BMS and safety.
LiFePO4 Pack Design
LFP-specific pack design: cell matching, balancing, thermal management, and configurations.
LiFePO4 Voltage Chart
Approximate resting voltage table for LiFePO4 batteries at 12V, 24V, and 48V by SOC level.
LiFePO4 SOC Chart
Why LiFePO4 voltage is flat in the middle SOC range, and why coulomb counting is often better.
Lead-Acid Voltage Chart
Voltage reference tables for flooded, AGM, and gel lead-acid batteries by state of charge.
Battery Depth of Discharge Chart
DoD limits by chemistry with usable capacity calculations and cycle life implications.
Battery Temperature Correction Chart
How temperature affects capacity, charging safety, and degradation risk across lithium and lead-acid.
Battery C-Rate Reference
C-rate to current conversion table for 50Ah, 100Ah, 200Ah, and 300Ah batteries.
Battery Sizing Reference
Practical sizing tables for RV, solar, marine, home backup, and commercial BESS applications.
How Long Will a 50Ah Battery Last?
Runtime examples for 50Ah batteries powering small electronics, emergency kits, and minimal loads.
How Long Will a 400Ah Battery Last?
Runtime examples for 400Ah batteries in full-time RV, home backup, and extended off-grid applications.
12V vs 24V vs 48V Batteries
Complete comparison of 12V, 24V, and 48V battery systems with trade-offs for capacity, efficiency, and wiring.
24V vs 48V Solar Systems
Compare 24V and 48V solar battery systems for cost, efficiency, and scalability.
12V vs 24V RV Batteries
Compare 12V and 24V battery systems for RV and camper applications.
Marine Battery Voltage Selection
How to choose between 12V, 24V, and 36V for marine house banks and engine starting.
LiFePO4 vs Lead-Acid
Head-to-head comparison of LiFePO4 and flooded lead-acid batteries across all key metrics.
LiFePO4 vs AGM
Compare LiFePO4 and AGM sealed lead-acid batteries for deep-cycle applications.
LiFePO4 vs Gel
Compare LiFePO4 and gel cell batteries for solar, marine, and backup applications.
LiFePO4 vs NMC
Compare LiFePO4 and NMC lithium-ion chemistries for safety, energy density, and cycle life.
Best Battery Chemistry for Solar
Ranking of battery chemistries for solar storage with cost, cycle life, and safety analysis.
Best Battery Chemistry for RV
Ranking of battery chemistries for RV applications with weight, DoD, and vibration analysis.
Best Battery Chemistry for Marine
Ranking of battery chemistries for marine house banks and engine starting.
LiFePO4 Charge Voltage Table
Complete charge voltage reference for LiFePO4 cells and packs at 12V, 24V, and 48V.
Battery Efficiency Reference
Round-trip efficiency by chemistry, inverter efficiency ratings, and total system loss calculations.
Common Battery Sizes Reference
Standard battery capacities from 7Ah to 400Ah with energy ratings and typical applications.
Battery Energy Density Chart
Compare gravimetric and volumetric energy density across LiFePO4, NMC, and lead-acid chemistries.